I. Technologies Developed / Findings

1. Costing / valuing surface water for irrigation for different crops
   
2. Estimation of transaction costs of water user's association in Watershed Development Program
   
3. Estimation of non-consumptive use value of sacred groves
   
4. Estimation of Existence value of sacred groves
   
5. Estimation of negative externalities in surface water irrigation
   
6. Impact of tank rehabilitation on crop productivity in Western Ghats
   
7. Total economic valuation of watershed development program
   
8. Economic model for optimum rotation of teak plantation
   
9. Agro-forestry systems as coping mechanisms in the wake of drought in different agro climatic regions

II. Outcome of training programs conducted

TOENRE conducted the following training programs:

• The training program on "Basic Concepts in Natural Resource Economics" was conducted from 21st to 24th June 2000. This benefited 51 economists. Trainees learnt concepts of externality and scarcity in NRE
  

• The training program on "Application of Econometrics in NRE" was conducted from 23rd-27th November 2001. Trainees learnt usage of logit and tobit models in NRE
  

• The training program on "Water Resource Economics" was conducted on 22nd - 24th December 2001. This training helped participants in valuation of surface water resource.
  

• The training program on "Empirical Studies in Natural Resource Economics" was conducted from Oct 23-25th, 2002. This benefited forty economists in further heralding the growth of NRE in their institutions.
  

• The training program on "Valuation and Costing Natural Resources in Agriculture" was conducted, from March 24th to 29th, 2003. This benefited thirty economists.
  

• The training program on "Forest Resource Economics" was conducted from June16th to 18th 2003. This benefited 26 economists in optimal forest rotation with the application of Faustmann Formula.
  

• The training program on "Patents and Intellectual property rights in relation to natural resource use and management" was conducted on 6th August 2003. The training helped in appreciation of value addition for natural resource products through product patenting.

III. Impact

The TOENRE published newsletters for nationwide dissemination of knowledge and framework of analysis developed in natural resource economics. The newsletter has received wide appreciation from different quarters and the TOENRE is proud to place this on record.

TOENRE is instrumental in designing framework of analysis to value the contribution of natural resources inter alia water, land, environment, ecological services in agriculture. The framework for valuation of contribution of water to agriculture by way of surface and groundwater irrigation has been developed and is currently being used by researchers.

(a) As an index of the quality of instruction imparted in TOENRE, the graduate students and faculty of the Department of Agricultural Economics won laurels by competing successfully in several international fellowship programs:

• Mrs MS Suneetha, Ph.D Scholar and SRF, TOENRE, won the Fulbright pre-doctoral fellowship to work on "Property rights and benefit sharing in medicinal plants" at the Cornell University, Ithaca, August 2002 - January 2003
  

• Ms Deepthi Elizebeth Kolady, Ph.D scholar, won the Ford Foundation doctoral fellowship to work on "Economic influence of multinational seed companies on domestic seed sector" at Cornell University, Ithaca, August 2002 - 2005
  

• Ms KK Prasanna Rashmi, Ph.D scholar and SRF, TOENRE, won the World Bank's EEOFC predoctoral grant to work on "Indigenous knowledge of Halakki Vokkaligas" at University of California, Davis, September 2002 - December 2002
  

• Mr H Diwakara and Mr B Shivakumaraswamy, won the University of South Australia President's scholarship for doctoral studies in "Institutional economics of water resources", July 2002 - July 2005
  

• Mr S Tamizhenian, MSc (Agri. Econ.), won the "University of Idaho fellowship for MS in Agricultural Economics" at Mosco, Idaho, June 2002 - June 2004.
  

• Mr GB Lokesh, Ph.D scholar and RA, TOENRE participated in the training program on "Groundwater Irrigation management" at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel from March to June 2003.

(b) Achievements of the TOENRE - Faculty

• Dr M G Chandrakanth, PI, was invited and sponsored to present the following two research papers at the Second World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists, Monterey, California, USA, June 23 - June 27, 2002: (1) Negative externalities due to cumulative interference of irrigation wells in groundwater irrigation in hard rock areas of peninsular India and (2) Institutions, markets and the management of common property sacred groves in India.
  

• Dr MG Chandrakanth, PI, participated in the Integrated Water Resources Management, Core course at the World Bank Institute, Washington DC, July 8 - July 12, 2002. He presented the application of IWRM methods in addressing the Ricardian scarcity of groundwater in Peninsular India. He represented farmers' interests in the debate on groundwater predicament in Yemen and both the presentations were well received and appreciated. The WBI provided rich reference material on economics of water resources to Dr. MG Chandrakanth for use in the department. This was distributed to the participants of the TOENRE training program during October 2002.
  

• The Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Bombay, provided an opportunity for TOENRE to chair the session on 'Valuation of natural and environmental resources: Methodology and Estimation". The contributions from TOENRE inter alia, are (i) choice of discount rate in valuation and (ii) estimation of negative externality due to pest resurgence.
  

• Dr MG Chandrakanth, BT Sreenivasa and A Rajendra, TOENRE, gave training in "Sustainable groundwater management in hard rock areas of Karnataka" for national and international participants, Nov 1, 2003 at NCAP, New Delhi
  

• Dr. N Nagaraj, Project Associate received the World Bank Fellowship, Univ of Arizona, April-June 2001

(c) Website

• TOENRE website www.toenre.ac.in is being regularly visited by researchers and students in India and abroad and their queries are attended periodically.

IV. Publications

(a) Papers in referred journals

1. Chandrakanth, M.G., Shivakumaraswamy, B, Sathisha, K.M., Basavaraj, G., Sushma Adya, Shyamasundar, M.S. and KK Ananda, Valuing Groundwater for Irrigation In Hard Rock Areas of Karnataka, Centre for Economic and Social Sciences, Hyderabad (Forthcoming).

2. Chandrakanth, M.G., Bisrat Alemu and Mahadev G Bhat, (2003). Combating Negative Externalities Of Drought: A Study of Groundwater Recharge Through Watershed, Economic and Political Weekly (Forthcoming).

3. Nagaraj, N., Shankar K., and Chandrakanth M.G., (2003). Pricing of irrigation water in Cauvery Basin - Case of Kabini Command, Economic and Political Weekly, 4518-4520.

4. Chandrakanth MG. 2002. Valuation of Natural and Environmental Resources: Methodology and estimation, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 57(1): 23-30.

5. Chithra Gopal RS and Nagaraj N. 2002. Profile of Seed Industry in India: Contemporary Trends and its implications, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 57(3): 488.

6. Diwakar H. and Nagaraj N. 2002. Impact of water pollution on food security and environment - bearing the burnt - a case study in Bangalore per-urban area, Waste Land News, XV III, (1): 31:34.

7. Lokesh GB and Chandrakanth MG. 2003. Cultivation of Sweet flag (Acorus calamus): Economic Study of an Endangered Medicinal Plant, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 25 (2002).

8. Nagaraj, N., Chandrashekar H and Mangala K. P. 2002. Groundwater Pollution induced Externalities - A case of Vrishabavathi River Basin, Karnataka. Economic and Political weekly (Forthcoming).

9. Rohith BK and Prakash TN. 2002. Tank resource management for livelihood security in hilly zone of Karnataka. Conference Issue, Agricultural Economics Research Review, pp.30-39.
   
   
10. Suneetha MS and Chandrakanth MG. 2002. Trade in medicinal plants in Kerala - Issues, problems and prospects. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 24 (2002): 756-761.
    

(b) Books Published

1. Sripadmini, R., Chandrakanth, M.G., and Chandrashekar, H. (2001), Relative economic performance of watershed development projects under different management protocols in Karnataka
   

2. Muthappa, P.P., Chengappa, P.G. and Prakash T.N., (2001), A resource economic study on tree diversity in coffee based plantations in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka.
   

3. Ravi, B.M., Suryaprakash, S. and Chandrakanth, M.G., (2002), Pricing of surface water in Bhadra command area - A resource economic study.
   

4. Rohith, B.K., Prakash, T.N. and Chandrakanth, M.G., (2002), Economics of tank irrigation in Western Ghats of Karnataka.
   

5. Accavva, M.S., Chengappa, P.G. and Chandrakanth, M.G., (2002), Preservation of Devaraka Kadu in Kodagu district - A resource economic study.
   

V. National and International consultants invited